Featuring contributions from distinguished researchers in the field of cognitive therapy research, Animal Models of Cognitive Impairment examines some of the most popular and successful animal archetypes used in the context of drug discovery. It provides integrated coverage of the latest research concerning neuronal systems relevant to cognitive function and dysfunction, assimilating reviews of this research within the context of each chapter. This approach is unique in that it brings together molecular and neurochemical methodologies, behavioral applications in translational models, and clinical applications.

This book comprehensively discusses a wide variety of animal models of cognitive impairment, including genetic, lesion, pharmacological, and aging related impairments. It also explores the significance of this research in regards to the treatment of various addictions and disorders such as stroke, autism, Alzheimer's, schizophrenia, and ADHD.

Contents

• Preface
• About the Editors
• About the Series
• Contributors
• 1. Introduction
  Edward D. Levin and Jerry J. Buccafusco.
• Section I. Pharmacologic Models
  • 2. Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists in Rats
    Alvin V. Terry Jr.
    • Introduction
    • Memory-Related Task Impairment in Rats by Scopolamine and Other Antimuscarinic Agents
    • The Nature of the Effects of Antimuscarinics on Memory Performance (Potential Limitations)
    • Other Limitations and Criticisms of the Use of Antimuscarinics as Amnestic Agents
    • Scopolamine-Reversal Studies and Drug Discovery
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 3. Nicotinic Receptor Antagonists in Rats
    Cindy S. Roegge and Edward D. Levin.
    • Introduction
    • Radial Arm Maze (RAM)
    • Three-Panel Runway Task
    • T-Maze Alternation
    • T-Maze Discrimination
    • Delayed (Nonmatching) to Sample
    • Tests of Sustained Attention
    • Tests of Response Inhibition
    • Water Maze
    • Avoidance Learning
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 4. Involvement of the NMDA System in Learning and Memory
    Amir H. Rezvani.
    • Introduction
    • Animal Studies
    • Human Studies
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 5. Animal Models and the Cognitive Effects of Ethanol
    Merle G. Paule.
    • Background
    • Behavioral Effects in Animal Models
    • Overview
    • References
• Section II. Toxicologic Models
  • 6. Animal Models of Cognitive Impairment Produced by Developmental Lead Exposure
    Deborah C. Rice.
    • Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement
    • Learning
    • Memory
    • Attention
    • Sensory Dysfunction: Possible Contribution to “Cognitive” Effects
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 7. Developmental Behavioral Toxicity of Methylmercury: Consequences, Conditioning, and Cortex
    M. Christopher Newland, Wendy D. Donlin, Elliott M. Paletz, and Kelly M. Banna.
    • Mercury Forms and Sources
    • Human Exposures
    • Nutrition
    • Neurotoxicants and Behavioral Plasticity
    • Choice
    • Acquisition of Fixed-Ratio (FR) Responding
    • Differential Reinforcement of High-Rate Behavior
    • Motor Function
    • Sensory Deficits
    • Discrimination and Memory Processes
    • Drug Challenges
    • Neural and Behavioral Mechanisms
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • 8. Executive Function following Developmental Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): What Animal Models Have Told Us
    Helen J.K. Sable and Susan L. Schantz.
    • Introduction
    • Classes of PCB Congeners
    • Ortho-Substituted PCB Congeners
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 9. Modeling Cognitive Deficits Associated with Parkinsonism in the Chronic-Low-Dose MPTP-Treated Monkey
    Jay S. Schneider.
    • Cognitive Deficits Associated with Parkinson’s Disease
    • Modeling Cognitive Deficits of Parkinsonism with Chronic Administration of MPTP
    • Attentional and Executive Function Deficits Characterize “early” Parkinsonian MPTP-Treated Monkeys
    • Relevance of the Chronic-Low-Dose MPTP Monkey Model to Other Disorders
    • Conclusions
    • References
• Section III. Mouse Genetic Models
  • 10. Cognitive Impairment in Transgenic Mouse Models of Amyloid Deposition
    Dave Morgan.
    • Introduction
    • Memory Deficits Correlate with Aβ Load
    • Interventions Improving Memory in APP Transgenic Mice
    • Mechanisms of Aβ-Associated Memory Impairment in Transgenic Mice
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 11. Cholinergic Receptor Knockout Mice
    Lu Zhang.
    • Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors (mAChRs)
    • Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (nAChRs)
    • Cholinesterases
    • Limitations with Gene-Targeting (Knockout) Approach and Future Directions
    • References
  • 12. Assessments of Cognitive Deficits in Mutant Mice
    Ramona Marie Rodriguiz and William C. Wetsel.
    • Preliminary Phenotypic Screening
    • Cognitive Testing
    • Learning and Memory
    • Summary and Comments
    • Appendix: Shock-Threshold Testing
    • References
• Section IV. Model Applications and Future Developments
  • 13. Cognitive Pharmacology in Aging Macaques
    Jerry J. Buccafusco.
    • Cognitive Changes with Age in Macaques
    • Delayed Matching-to-Sample as a Paradigm for Assessing Cognition
    • Cognitive Changes with Age in Macaques and Man
    • Future Directions
    • References
  • 14. Cognitive Impairment following Traumatic Brain Injury
    Mark D. Whiting, Anna I. Baranova, and Robert J. Hamm.
    • Introduction
    • Memory Impairment after TBI
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • 15. Cognitive Impairment Models Using Complementary Species
    Daniel T. Cerutti and Edward D. Levin.
    • Fish Models
    • Invertebrate Models
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 16. Cognition Models and Drug Discovery
    Michael W. Decker.
    • Introduction
    • Considerations in the Application of Cognitive Assays in Drug Development
    • Disease and Impairment Models in Drug Discovery
    • References

Series editors: Sidney A Simon and Miguel AL Nicolelis

This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use.