Journal Description
Life
Life
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of scientific studies related to fundamental themes in life sciences, from basic to applied research, published monthly online by MDPI. The Astrobiology Society of Britain (ASB) and Spanish Association for Cancer Research (ASEICA) are affiliated with Life and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, CAPlus / SciFinder, AGRIS, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Biology) / CiteScore - Q2 (Paleontology)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 17.5 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our editors and authors say about Life.
- Companion journals for Life include: Gastroenterology Insights, Physiologia, Hydrobiology, and Anatomia.
Impact Factor:
3.2 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
3.2 (2022)
Latest Articles
Are Gamers Prone to eThrombosis during Long Gaming Sessions?
Life 2024, 14(4), 525; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040525 (registering DOI) - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
During the last two decades, several cases of venous thrombosis (VTE) after a prolonged period at a computer have been described, denominated as “eThrombosis”. Video gaming on a computer has become very popular and can be a social activity where several players gather
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During the last two decades, several cases of venous thrombosis (VTE) after a prolonged period at a computer have been described, denominated as “eThrombosis”. Video gaming on a computer has become very popular and can be a social activity where several players gather to play against each other or in a virtual environment for several days (“LAN (i.e., Local Area Network) parties”) where the participants are sedentary and consuming calorie-rich food items. The aim of this study was to investigate potential coagulation activation during a 42 h LAN party. Nine male gamers volunteered for the LAN party. Citrated blood was sampled before and every 6 h, and plasma was analyzed for thrombin generation, thrombin–antithrombin complexes (TAT), prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2), and D-dimer. Thrombin generation increased slightly but not significantly during the LAN party, whereas the coagulation activation markers were unchanged. These results do not indicate that the coagulation system is activated significantly during 42 h of gaming with minimal physical activity. Although increased activity cannot be excluded, it does not directly indicate a risk of VTE in general.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coagulation and Its Disorders: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Management)
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Applied Cardio-Oncology in Hematological Malignancies: A Narrative Review
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Evdokia Mandala, Kyranna Lafara, Dimitrios Kokkinovasilis, Ioannis Kalafatis, Vasiliki Koukoulitsa, Eirini Katodritou and Christos Lafaras
Life 2024, 14(4), 524; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040524 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
Applied cardio-oncology in hematological malignancies refers to the integration of cardiovascular care and management for patients with blood cancer, particularly leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Hematological cancer therapy-related cardiotoxicity deals with the most common cardiovascular complications of conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, chimeric
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Applied cardio-oncology in hematological malignancies refers to the integration of cardiovascular care and management for patients with blood cancer, particularly leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Hematological cancer therapy-related cardiotoxicity deals with the most common cardiovascular complications of conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapies, bispecific antibodies, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This narrative review focuses on hematological cancer-therapy-related cardiotoxicity’s definition, risk stratification, multimodality imaging, and use of cardiac biomarkers to detect clinical and/or subclinical myocardial dysfunction and electrical instability. Moreover, the most common cardiotoxic profiles of the main drugs and/or therapeutic interventions in patients with hematological malignancies are described thoroughly.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Anticancer and Antiviral Drugs—2nd Edition)
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Open AccessArticle
Evaluation of Absolute Neutrophil, Lymphocyte and Platelet Count and Their Ratios as Predictors of Thrombotic Risk in Patients with Prefibrotic and Overt Myelofibrosis
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Marko Lucijanic, Ivan Krecak, Ena Soric, Anica Sabljic, Davor Galusic, Hrvoje Holik, Vlatka Perisa, Martina Moric Peric, Ivan Zekanovic, Josipa Budimir and Rajko Kusec
Life 2024, 14(4), 523; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040523 - 17 Apr 2024
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the prognostic contribution of absolute neutrophil (ANC), lymphocyte (ALC), platelet count and their ratios, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), to thrombotic risk in patients with prefibrotic and overt fibrotic myelofibrosis (MF). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of
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Aim: To investigate the prognostic contribution of absolute neutrophil (ANC), lymphocyte (ALC), platelet count and their ratios, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), to thrombotic risk in patients with prefibrotic and overt fibrotic myelofibrosis (MF). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 256 patients with prefibrotic (85 patients) and overt fibrotic MF (171 patients) treated in six Croatian hematological centers. Results: Prefibrotic compared to overt fibrotic MF patients presented with significantly higher ALC, platelet count and PLR, and experienced longer time to thrombosis (TTT). Among prefibrotic patients, ANC > 8.33 × 109/L (HR 13.08, p = 0.036), ALC > 2.58 × 109/L (HR 20.63, p = 0.049) and platelet count > 752 × 109/L (HR 10.5, p = 0.043) remained independently associated with shorter TTT. Among overt fibrotic patients, ANC > 8.8 × 109/L (HR 4.49, p = 0.004), ALC ≤ 1.43 × 109/L (HR 4.15, p = 0.003), platelet count ≤ 385 × 109/L (HR 4.68, p = 0.004) and chronic kidney disease (HR 9.07, p < 0.001) remained independently associated with shorter TTT. Conclusions: Prognostic properties of ANC, ALC and platelet count are mutually independent and exceed those of NLR and PLR regarding thrombotic risk stratification. ALC and platelet count associate in opposite directions with thrombotic risk in prefibrotic and overt fibrotic MF patients.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beyond Atherosclerosis: Between Unresolved Questions, Ongoing Studies, and Future Perspectives)
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Open AccessReview
Bone Disease in HIV: Need for Early Diagnosis and Prevention
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Georgios Schinas, Ioannis Schinas, Georgios Ntampanlis, Eleni Polyzou, Charalambos Gogos and Karolina Akinosoglou
Life 2024, 14(4), 522; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040522 - 17 Apr 2024
Abstract
The transformation of HIV into a manageable chronic condition has unveiled new clinical challenges associated with aging-related pathologies, including bone disease. This review explores the intricate relationship between HIV, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and bone disease, highlighting the necessity of early diagnosis and preventative
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The transformation of HIV into a manageable chronic condition has unveiled new clinical challenges associated with aging-related pathologies, including bone disease. This review explores the intricate relationship between HIV, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and bone disease, highlighting the necessity of early diagnosis and preventative strategies to mitigate the increased risk of osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fractures in people living with HIV (PLWHIV). It synthesizes the current literature to elucidate the multifactorial etiology of bone pathology in this population, that includes direct viral effects, chronic immune activation, ART-associated risks, and the impact of traditional risk factors for bone loss. Through a critical examination of modern diagnostic methods, lifestyle modifications, evidence-based preventive actions, and pharmacological treatments, the necessity for comprehensive management is highlighted, along with recommendations for integrated healthcare approaches vital for achieving optimal patient outcomes. By advocating for a proactive, patient-centered, and multidisciplinary strategy, this review proposes a plan to integrate bone health into standard HIV care through active risk identification, vigilant screening, effective preventive measures, tailored treatments, and informed decision-making, in an effort to ultimately enhance the quality of life for PLWHIV.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Comorbidities and HIV Infection: Barriers in ART-Switch Strategies)
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Open AccessCase Report
Madelung’s Disease Evolving to Liposarcoma: An Uncommon Encounter
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Mihaiela Lungu, Violeta Diana Oprea, Gabriela Stoleriu, Ana-Maria Ionescu, Andrei Lucian Zaharia, Ana Croitoru, Bianca Stan and Elena Niculet
Life 2024, 14(4), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040521 - 17 Apr 2024
Abstract
(1) Background: Madelung’s disease—known also as Benign Symmetric Adenolipomatosis (BSA) or Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis (MSL), is a rare subcutaneous tissue disease characterized by the proliferation of non-encapsulated fat tissue with mature adipocytes. Patients develop symmetrical fatty deposits of varying sizes, (located particularly around
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(1) Background: Madelung’s disease—known also as Benign Symmetric Adenolipomatosis (BSA) or Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis (MSL), is a rare subcutaneous tissue disease characterized by the proliferation of non-encapsulated fat tissue with mature adipocytes. Patients develop symmetrical fatty deposits of varying sizes, (located particularly around the neck, shoulders, upper and middle back, arms, abdomen, and thighs), having clinical, esthetic, and psychiatric repercussions. (2) Methods: We report a case diagnosed with BSA upon admission to the Neurological and Internal Medicine Departments of the Emergency Clinical Hospital of Galati. (3) Results: This patient developed compressive phenomena and liposarcoma with liver metastasis, followed by death shortly after hospital presentation. The histopathology examination confirmed right latero-cervical liposarcoma and round cell hepatic metastasis. The specific metabolic ethiopathogenic mechanism has not been elucidated, but the adipocytes of BSA are different from normal cells in proliferation, hormonal regulation, and mitochondrial activity; a rare mitochondrial gene mutation, together with other interacting genetic or non-genetic factors, have been considered in recent studies. A thorough literature search identified only three cases reporting malignant tumors in BSA patients. (4) Conclusions: The goal of our paper is to present this rare case in the oncogenic synergism of two tumors. In the management of this BSA disorder, possible malignant transformation should be considered, although only scarce evidence was found supporting this.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Cancer: From Molecular Basis to Therapy)
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Open AccessArticle
Development of Allosteric Ribozymes for ATP and l-Histidine Based on the R3C Ligase Ribozyme
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Yuna Akatsu, Hiromi Mutsuro-Aoki and Koji Tamura
Life 2024, 14(4), 520; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040520 - 17 Apr 2024
Abstract
During the evolution of the RNA, short RNAs are thought to have joined together to form long RNAs, enhancing their function as ribozymes. Previously, the artificial R3C ligase ribozyme (73 nucleotides) was successfully reduced to 46 nucleotides; however, its activity decreased significantly. Therefore,
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During the evolution of the RNA, short RNAs are thought to have joined together to form long RNAs, enhancing their function as ribozymes. Previously, the artificial R3C ligase ribozyme (73 nucleotides) was successfully reduced to 46 nucleotides; however, its activity decreased significantly. Therefore, we aimed to develop allosteric ribozymes, whose activities could be regulated by effector compounds, based on the reduced R3C ligase ribozyme (R3C-A). Among the variants prepared by fusing an ATP-binding aptamer RNA with R3C-A, one mutant showed increased ligation activity in an ATP-dependent manner. Melting temperature measurements of the two RNA mutants suggested that the region around the aptamer site was stabilized by the addition of ATP. This resulted in a suitable conformation for the reaction at the ligation site. Another ribozyme was prepared by fusing R3C-A with a l-histidine-binding aptamer RNA, and the ligase activity increased with increasing l-histidine concentrations. Both ATP and l-histidine play prominent roles in current molecular biology and the interaction of RNAs and these molecules could be a key step in the evolution of the world of RNAs. Our results suggest promise in the development of general allosteric ribozymes that are independent of the type of effector molecule and provide important clues to the evolution of the RNA world.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Origin of Life)
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Deficit of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Acne Patients—A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study in a German Cohort
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Anne Guertler, Tobias Fiedler, Diana Lill, Anne-Charlotte Kuna, Arina Volsky, Jens Wallmichrath, Till Kämmerer, Lars E. French and Markus Reinholz
Life 2024, 14(4), 519; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040519 - 17 Apr 2024
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs) exert anti-inflammatory effects, including the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, eicosanoids, and insulin-like growth factor-1. Therefore, they may improve acne severity as an adjunct treatment. However, there is a paucity of data regarding patients’ existing deficits. The aim of
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Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs) exert anti-inflammatory effects, including the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, eicosanoids, and insulin-like growth factor-1. Therefore, they may improve acne severity as an adjunct treatment. However, there is a paucity of data regarding patients’ existing deficits. The aim of this study was to determine ω-3 FA levels in acne patients in correlation with self-reported dietary preferences and clinical severity. A single-center, cross-sectional study of 100 acne patients was conducted. Patients’ blood parameters, including ω-3 FAs levels, were assessed using the HS-omega-3 Index® in erythrocytes (Omegametrix® GmbH, Martinsried, Germany). Dietary preferences were assessed using a standardized food frequency questionnaire. Clinical dermatologic evaluation was performed using the Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) of acne. The values of the HS-omega-3 Index® were outside the recommended range of 8–11% in 96 patients (mean 5.15%), independent of the clinical severity or affected anatomic sites. A severe deficit (HS-omega-3 Index® < 4%) was seen more commonly in men than in women (p = 0.021). The regular consumption of legumes was significantly associated with higher ω-3 FA levels (p = 0.003), as was oral ω-3 FA supplementation (p = 0.006) and the lack of sunflower oil intake (p = 0.008). This pilot study demonstrated a deficit of ω-3 FAs in a German acne cohort. Higher ω-3 FAs levels were observed in patients with regular legume intake and oral ω-3 FAs supplementation. Further prospective studies are needed to investigate whether the clinical severity of acne improves in patients with normal HS-omega-3 Index®.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanism, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Novelties in Dermatology: 2nd Edition)
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Clinical Outcomes in Elderly Patients with Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Validation of Irrigation Assignment Based on Hematoma Characteristics
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Takuma Maeda, Yuichiro Kikkawa, Takuro Ehara, Ryosuke Tsuchiya, Shinya Tabata, Koki Onodera, Tatsuki Kimura, Yushiro Take, Kaima Suzuki and Hiroki Kurita
Life 2024, 14(4), 518; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040518 - 17 Apr 2024
Abstract
The number of elderly patients with chronic subdural hematomas (CSDH) is increasing worldwide; however, there is limited data regarding the clinical outcomes in this population. Our therapeutic method using burr hole evacuation for CSDH is based on the hematoma characteristics, using simple drainage
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The number of elderly patients with chronic subdural hematomas (CSDH) is increasing worldwide; however, there is limited data regarding the clinical outcomes in this population. Our therapeutic method using burr hole evacuation for CSDH is based on the hematoma characteristics, using simple drainage for single-layer lesions and drainage with irrigation for multiple-layer lesions. This study aimed to compare the postoperative outcomes of elderly and younger patients, identify the predictors of outcomes in elderly patients, and verify the validity of our therapeutic methods. In total, we included 214 patients who underwent burr hole evacuation between April 2018 and March 2022. Baseline characteristics, hematoma characteristics, recurrence, and clinical outcomes were compared between the elderly and younger patients. Overall, 96 elderly patients (44.9%) were included in the study, and more elderly patients underwent antithrombotic therapy than younger patients (33.3% vs. 19.5%, p = 0.027). Moreover, elderly patients had significantly fewer favorable outcomes than younger patients (70.8% vs. 91.5%; p < 0.001); however, this was not significant after adjusting for the baseline modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Similarly, elderly patients had higher recurrence rates than younger patients (10.4% vs. 2.5%; p = 0.021). However, the baseline mRS score was the only predictor of unfavorable outcomes. In conclusion, although the clinical outcomes of elderly patients were comparable to those of younger patients, the higher rate of preoperative antithrombotic therapy in elderly patients may result in a higher rate of recurrence requiring a long-term follow-up.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)
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Open AccessCommunication
The Quest for Reliable Drought Stress Screening in Tetraploid Wheat (Triticum turgidum spp.) Seedlings: Why MDA Quantification after Treatment with 10% PEG-6000 Falls Short
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Giovanni Maria Poggi, Simona Corneti and Iris Aloisi
Life 2024, 14(4), 517; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040517 - 16 Apr 2024
Abstract
Drought stress poses significant productivity challenges to wheat. Several studies suggest that lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content may be a promising trait to identify drought-tolerant wheat genotypes. However, the optimal polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) concentration for screening seedlings for drought tolerance based on MDA quantification
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Drought stress poses significant productivity challenges to wheat. Several studies suggest that lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content may be a promising trait to identify drought-tolerant wheat genotypes. However, the optimal polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) concentration for screening seedlings for drought tolerance based on MDA quantification is not clear. The aim of this study was to verify whether a 10% (w/v) PEG-6000 concentration-induced water stress was reliable for discriminating between twenty-two drought-susceptible and drought-tolerant tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. durum, turanicum, and carthlicum) accessions based on MDA quantification. To do so, its correlation with morpho-physiological traits, notoriously related to seedling drought tolerance, i.e., Seedling Vigour Index and Seedling Water Content, was evaluated. Results showed that MDA content was not a reliable biomarker for drought tolerance, as it did not correlate significantly with the aforementioned morpho-physiological traits, which showed, on the contrary, high positive correlation with each other. Combining our study with the cited literature, it clearly emerges that different wheat genotypes have different “water stress thresholds”, highlighting that using a 10% PEG-6000 concentration for screening wheat seedlings for drought tolerance based on MDA quantification is not reliable. Given the conflicting results in the literature, this study provides important insights for selecting appropriate methods for evaluating wheat seedling drought tolerance.
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(This article belongs to the Section Plant Science)
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Open AccessReview
Artificial Intelligence: A Snapshot of Its Application in Chronic Inflammatory and Autoimmune Skin Diseases
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Federica Li Pomi, Vincenzo Papa, Francesco Borgia, Mario Vaccaro, Giovanni Pioggia and Sebastiano Gangemi
Life 2024, 14(4), 516; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040516 - 16 Apr 2024
Abstract
Immuno-correlated dermatological pathologies refer to skin disorders that are closely associated with immune system dysfunction or abnormal immune responses. Advancements in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) have shown promise in enhancing the diagnosis, management, and assessment of immuno-correlated dermatological pathologies. This intersection
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Immuno-correlated dermatological pathologies refer to skin disorders that are closely associated with immune system dysfunction or abnormal immune responses. Advancements in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) have shown promise in enhancing the diagnosis, management, and assessment of immuno-correlated dermatological pathologies. This intersection of dermatology and immunology plays a pivotal role in comprehending and addressing complex skin disorders with immune system involvement. The paper explores the knowledge known so far and the evolution and achievements of AI in diagnosis; discusses segmentation and the classification of medical images; and reviews existing challenges, in immunological-related skin diseases. From our review, the role of AI has emerged, especially in the analysis of images for both diagnostic and severity assessment purposes. Furthermore, the possibility of predicting patients’ response to therapies is emerging, in order to create tailored therapies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune Disease)
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Open AccessArticle
Do They Know What They Are Doing? Cognitive Aspects of Rescue Behaviour Directed by Workers of the Red Wood Ant Formica polyctena to Nestmate Victims Entrapped in Artificial Snares
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Anna Szczuka, Alicja Sochacka-Marlowe, Julita Korczyńska, Paweł Jarosław Mazurkiewicz, Beata Symonowicz, Olga Kukina and Ewa Joanna Godzińska
Life 2024, 14(4), 515; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040515 - 16 Apr 2024
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Ant rescue behaviour belongs to the most interesting subcategories of prosocial and altruistic behaviour encountered in the animal world. Several studies suggested that ants are able to identify what exactly restrains the movements of another individual and to direct their rescue behaviour precisely
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Ant rescue behaviour belongs to the most interesting subcategories of prosocial and altruistic behaviour encountered in the animal world. Several studies suggested that ants are able to identify what exactly restrains the movements of another individual and to direct their rescue behaviour precisely to that object. To shed more light on the question of how precise the identification of the source of restraint of another ant is, we investigated rescue behaviour of red wood ant Formica polyctena workers, using a new version of an artificial snare bioassay in which a nestmate victim bore two wire loops on its body, one (acting as a snare) placed on its petiole and an additional one on its leg. The tested ants did not preferentially direct their rescue behaviour towards the snare. Moreover, the overall strategy adopted by the most active rescuers was not limited to precisely targeted rescue attempts directed towards the snare, but consisted of frequent switching between various subcategories of rescue behaviour. These findings highlight the importance of precise identification of cognitive processes and overall behavioural strategies for better understanding of causal factors underlying animal helping behaviour in light of new facts discovered by testing of various successive research hypotheses.
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Open AccessCase Report
Importance of Multimodality Cardiac Imaging in the Diagnosis of Lipomatous Hypertrophy of the Interatrial Septum—A View beyond Standard Situations
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Raluca Șoșdean, Mihai-Andrei Lazăr, Silvius Alexandru Pescariu, Monica-Nicoleta Mircea, Radu Ioan Lala, Cristian Mornoș, Constantin Tudor Luca and Adina Ionac
Life 2024, 14(4), 514; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040514 - 16 Apr 2024
Abstract
Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum (LHIAS) represents a benign proliferation of lipoid cells at the level of the interatrial septum (IAS) inducing an important thickening of this structure. It respects the fossa ovalis (FO) region, having a typical “hourglass” echocardiographic appearance. There
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Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum (LHIAS) represents a benign proliferation of lipoid cells at the level of the interatrial septum (IAS) inducing an important thickening of this structure. It respects the fossa ovalis (FO) region, having a typical “hourglass” echocardiographic appearance. There are certain cases though, with unusual appearances and/or with associated pathologies that may induce similar lesions in the heart, in which the differential diagnosis cannot be guaranteed using only the standard methods. The final diagnosis has important implications in these patients’ treatment plan. In this paper, we present an unusual case of a female patient undergoing chemotherapy for lung carcinoma, suspected of right atrial thrombosis/metastasis. As the diagnosis was unclear after transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), inducing the suspicion of an IAS mass with atrial wall infiltration, bi- and tridimensional transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) was performed, revealing a severely and homogenously hypertrophied IAS respecting the FO, but lacking a clear visualization of the atrial wall. The diagnosis of LHIAS was established by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) that certified the adipose nature of the structure, excluding the need for invasive investigations and/or treatment options. Multimodality imaging is very important for the clinician in adopting the best management plan for each individual patient.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Cardiac Imaging)
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Open AccessArticle
Insights into the Novel Cardiac Biomarker in Acute Heart Failure: Mybp-C
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Adriana Chetran, Minerva Codruţa Bădescu, Ionela Lăcrămioara Şerban, Ştefania Teodora Duca, Irina Afrăsânie, Maria-Ruxandra Cepoi, Bianca Ana Dmour, Iulian Theodor Matei, Mihai Ştefan Cristian Haba, Alexandru Dan Costache, Ovidiu Mitu, Corina Maria Cianga, Cristina Tuchiluş, Daniela Constantinescu and Irina Iuliana Costache-Enache
Life 2024, 14(4), 513; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040513 - 16 Apr 2024
Abstract
(1) Background: Given its high cardiac specificity and its capacity to directly assess the cardiac function, cardiac myosin-binding protein (MyBP-C) is a promising biomarker in patients with acute heart failure (AHF). The aim of our study was to investigate the clinical utility of
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(1) Background: Given its high cardiac specificity and its capacity to directly assess the cardiac function, cardiac myosin-binding protein (MyBP-C) is a promising biomarker in patients with acute heart failure (AHF). The aim of our study was to investigate the clinical utility of this novel marker for diagnosis and short-term prognosis in subjects with AHF. (2) Methods: We measured plasma levels of MyBP-C at admission in 49 subjects (27 patients admitted with AHF and 22 controls). (3) Results: The plasma concentration of MyBP-C was significantly higher in patients with AHF compared to controls (54.88 vs. 0.01 ng/L, p < 0.001). For 30-day prognosis, MyBP-C showed significantly greater AUC (0.972, p < 0.001) than NT-proBNP (0.849, p = 0.001) and hs-TnI (0.714, p = 0.047). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, an elevated level of MyBP-C was the best independent predictor of 30-day mortality (OR = 1.08, p = 0.039) or combined death/recurrent 30-days rehospitalization (OR = 1.12, p = 0.014). (4) Conclusions: Our data show that circulating MyBP-C is a sensitive and cardiac-specific biomarker with potential utility for the accurate diagnosis and prognosis of AHF.
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(This article belongs to the Section Physiology and Pathology)
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Open AccessArticle
Detection of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Pork Sold in Saint-Louis, the North of Senegal
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Sophie Deli Tene, Abou Abdallah Malick Diouara, Alé Kane, Sarbanding Sané, Seynabou Coundoul, Fatou Thiam, Cheikh Momar Nguer, Mamadou Diop, Mame Ndew Mbaye, Malick Mbengue, Seynabou Lo, Halimatou Diop Ndiaye, Coumba Toure Kane and Ahidjo Ayouba
Life 2024, 14(4), 512; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040512 - 16 Apr 2024
Abstract
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen with various hosts, including pigs, which act as reservoirs. In industrialized countries, sporadic cases caused by genotype 3, contracted by ingesting contaminated uncooked or undercooked meat, have been reported. However, in developing countries, HEV
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The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen with various hosts, including pigs, which act as reservoirs. In industrialized countries, sporadic cases caused by genotype 3, contracted by ingesting contaminated uncooked or undercooked meat, have been reported. However, in developing countries, HEV infection is mainly dominated by genotype 2 and often associated with poor hygiene conditions and drinking water supplies. HEV infection and its circulation in domestic fauna in West Africa are poorly documented. This study aimed to assess the presence of HEV in pork sold in Saint-Louis, Senegal. Meat products (250 g samples, n = 74) were purchased in August 2022 from three locations. Then, 2 g/sample was minced to extract total nucleic acids using the Purelink™ Viral DNA/RNA kit. RT-PCR reactions were performed using the One-Taq™ One-Step RT-PCR kit targeting the HEV ORF2 genomic region. The products obtained were visualized on a 1% agarose gel. Of a total of 74 samples, divided into pork meat (n = 65) and pork liver (n = 9), 5.4% (n = 4) tested positive for HEV. In both cases, two samples were positive, representing a rate of 3.1% and 22.2% for meat and pork liver, respectively. All new viral sequences were obtained from a monophyletic group within HEV genotype 3. This study is the first to report the presence of HEV in pork sold in Senegal and the results reveal a potential circulation of HEV in the pig population. The high proportion of contamination in the pork liver samples highlights a major risk associated with their consumption.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology and Control of Hepatitis Viruses)
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Open AccessReview
Approaches to Characterize and Quantify Extracellular Vesicle Surface Conjugation Efficiency
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Leora Goldbloom-Helzner, Harjn Bains and Aijun Wang
Life 2024, 14(4), 511; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040511 - 15 Apr 2024
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-secreted nanovesicles that play an important role in long-range cell–cell communication. Although EVs pose a promising alternative to cell-based therapy, targeted in vivo delivery still falls short. Many studies have explored the surface modification of EVs to enhance their
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-secreted nanovesicles that play an important role in long-range cell–cell communication. Although EVs pose a promising alternative to cell-based therapy, targeted in vivo delivery still falls short. Many studies have explored the surface modification of EVs to enhance their targeting capabilities. However, to our knowledge, there are no standardized practices to confirm the successful surface modification of EVs or calculate the degree of conjugation on EV surfaces (conjugation efficiency). These pieces of information are essential in the reproducibility of targeted EV therapeutics and the determination of optimized conjugation conditions for EVs to see significant therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo. This review will discuss the vast array of techniques adopted, technologies developed, and efficiency definitions made by studies that have calculated EV/nanoparticle surface conjugation efficiency and how differences between studies may contribute to differently reported conjugation efficiencies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Revolutionizing Drug Delivery: Innovations in Targeted Therapeutic Nanocarriers)
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Open AccessReview
Vitamin D in Melanoma: Potential Role of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes
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Mohamed Ben-Eltriki, Erysa J. Gayle, Jhoanne M. Paras, Louisa Nyame-Addo, Manik Chhabra and Subrata Deb
Life 2024, 14(4), 510; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040510 - 15 Apr 2024
Abstract
Vitamin D is a promising anticancer agent for the prevention and treatment of several cancers, including melanoma. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, a routinely used marker for vitamin D, have been suggested as one of the factors in the development and progression of melanoma.
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Vitamin D is a promising anticancer agent for the prevention and treatment of several cancers, including melanoma. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, a routinely used marker for vitamin D, have been suggested as one of the factors in the development and progression of melanoma. The parent vitamin D needs activation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to exert its actions via the vitamin D receptor (VDR). This review discusses the role of vitamin D in melanoma and how CYP-mediated metabolism can potentially affect the actions of vitamin D. Through interacting with the retinoid X receptor, VDR signaling leads to anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anticancer actions. Calcitriol, the dihydroxylated form of vitamin D3, is the most active and potent ligand of VDR. CYP27A1, CYP27B1, and CYP2R1 are involved in the activation of vitamin D, whereas CYP24A1 and CYP3A4 are responsible for the degradation of the active vitamin D. CYP24A1, the primary catabolic enzyme of calcitriol, is overexpressed in melanoma tissues and cells. Several drug classes and natural health products can modulate vitamin D-related CYP enzymes and eventually cause lower levels of vitamin D and its active metabolites in tissues. Although the role of vitamin D in the development of melanoma is yet to be fully elucidated, it has been proposed that melanoma prevention may be significantly aided by increased vitamin D signaling. Furthermore, selective targeting of the catabolic enzymes responsible for vitamin D degradation could be a plausible strategy in melanoma therapy. Vitamin D signaling can be improved by utilizing dietary supplements or by modulating CYP metabolism. A positive association exists between the intake of vitamin D supplements and improved prognosis for melanoma patients. Further investigation is required to determine the function of vitamin D supplementation and specific enzyme targeting in the prevention of melanoma.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic Prevention and Early Detection of Melanoma)
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Open AccessArticle
Aroplectrus dimerus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Ectoparasitoid of the Nettle Caterpillar, Oxyplax pallivitta (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae): Evaluation in the Hawaiian Islands
by
Juliana A. Yalemar, Walter T. Nagamine, Renato C. Bautista, Dexter Y. Cho, Larry M. Nakahara and Mohsen M. Ramadan
Life 2024, 14(4), 509; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040509 - 15 Apr 2024
Abstract
The stinging nettle caterpillar, Oxyplax (syn. Darna) pallivitta (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), is a serious invasive pest of agricultural products and a health hazard on the Hawaiian Islands first discovered in 2001. Nursery workers and homeowners have been stung by the caterpillars while handling
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The stinging nettle caterpillar, Oxyplax (syn. Darna) pallivitta (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), is a serious invasive pest of agricultural products and a health hazard on the Hawaiian Islands first discovered in 2001. Nursery workers and homeowners have been stung by the caterpillars while handling their plants, especially rhapis palms (Rhapis sp.). Throughout its invaded range, it causes widespread damage, including the many cultivated and native palm species that have grown in Hawaii. Larvae contain urticating hairs that secrete a toxin, causing painful skin swelling and irritation on contact. Horticulture and nursery products impacted by the limacodid pest are estimated at $84.3 million (2018 value). Suppression efforts with pesticides and lure traps were ineffective, and the moth population continued to spread to major Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, Kauai, Maui, Oahu). The introduction of specific biological control agents from the native region was thought to be the long-term solution for this invasive pest. Initial exploration in Indonesia and Thailand resulted in the introduction of a pupal ectoparasitoid, Nesolynx sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae), that was not specific. The oriental wasp, Aroplectrus dimerus Lin (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Eulophinae), idiobiont gregarious ectoparasitoid of the stinging nettle caterpillar, was introduced from Taiwan in 2004 for host specificity studies and biocontrol in Hawaii. Host range testing showed the parasitoid attacked only limacodid species, and it was approved for field release in 2010. The parasitoid identity, host specificity under containment facility conditions, reproductive performance, and colonization on the major infested sites were assessed. A total of 13,379 parasitoids were colonized on 162 release sites on four Hawaiian Islands. Evaluations were conducted using field surveys of larvae, pupal counts, and male lure traps. Field parasitism was thoroughly investigated on Oahu Island, averaging 18.9 ± 5.6% of 3923 collected larvae during 2010–2023. The numbers of male moths caught/trap/month were significantly reduced on Oahu Island (p < 0.05). Recently, the hyperparasitoid, Pediobius imbreus Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Entedoninae), was detected, reducing the efficiency of A. dimerus in the field. The mean hyperparasitism of A. dimerus pupae was 27.3 ± 7.6% on Oahu Island. There was no detailed biological assessment for A. dimerus or its field evaluation available in scientific literature. Results were discussed regarding the potential use of A. dimerus in biocontrol elsewhere if the stinging nettle caterpillar was invaded in the future.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Faunistic Studies on Natural Enemies and Pollinators in Agroecosystems)
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Open AccessReview
Multimodal Approach to Neurocognitive Function in People Living with HIV in the cART Era: A Comprehensive Review
by
Charalampos D. Moschopoulos, Evangelia Stanitsa, Konstantinos Protopapas, Dimitra Kavatha, Sokratis G. Papageorgiou, Anastasia Antoniadou and Antonios Papadopoulos
Life 2024, 14(4), 508; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040508 - 15 Apr 2024
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) has revolutionized the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and has markedly improved the disease burden and life expectancy of people living with HIV. HIV enters the central nervous system (CNS) early in the course of infection, establishes latency,
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Combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) has revolutionized the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and has markedly improved the disease burden and life expectancy of people living with HIV. HIV enters the central nervous system (CNS) early in the course of infection, establishes latency, and produces a pro-inflammatory milieu that may affect cognitive functions, even in the cART era. Whereas severe forms of neurocognitive impairment (NCI) such as HIV-associated dementia have declined over the last decades, milder forms have become more prevalent, are commonly multifactorial, and are associated with comorbidity burdens, mental health, cART neurotoxicity, and ageing. Since 2007, the Frascati criteria have been used to characterize and classify HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) into three stages, namely asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), mild neurocognitive disorder (MND), and HIV-associated dementia (HAD). These criteria are based on a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment that presupposes the availability of validated, demographically adjusted, and normative population data. Novel neuroimaging modalities and biomarkers have been proposed in order to complement NCI assessments, elucidate neuropathogenic mechanisms, and support HIV-associated NCI diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis. By integrating neuropsychological assessments with biomarkers and neuroimaging into a holistic care approach, clinicians can enhance diagnostic accuracy, prognosis, and patient outcomes. This review interrogates the value of these modes of assessment and proposes a unified approach to NCI diagnosis.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Comorbidities and HIV Infection: Barriers in ART-Switch Strategies)
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Open AccessSystematic Review
Comparative Effectiveness of Complex Telemedicine Support in Prevention of Hospitalizations and Mortality in Patients with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by
Andrey Garanin, Anatoly Rubanenko, Yuriy Trusov, Olesya Rubanenko and Alexandr Kolsanov
Life 2024, 14(4), 507; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040507 - 15 Apr 2024
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the leading causes of hospitalizations and mortality all over the world. There are literature data about the favorable influence of telemedicine support on mortality and hospitalization rate in patients with heart failure, and thus, the results of different
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Heart failure is one of the leading causes of hospitalizations and mortality all over the world. There are literature data about the favorable influence of telemedicine support on mortality and hospitalization rate in patients with heart failure, and thus, the results of different studies are controversial. Aim: To estimate the effect of telemedicine support on hospitalization and mortality in patients with heart failure. Methods: The literature search was conducted in databases Google Scholar, MedLine, Clinical Trials, PubMed, Embase, and Crossref with the following key words: “heart failure”, “telemedicine”, “telemonitoring”, “hospitalisation (hospitalization)”, “mortality”. We included studies that were conducted during the last 10 years. In total, we analyzed 1151 records. After screening, 14 randomized control trials were included in the final analysis. Results: The conducted meta-analysis showed that telemedicine support is accompanied by a decrease in heart failure-related hospitalizations (risk ratio (RR) 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68–0.89)) and a decrease in all-cause mortality (RR 0.84 (95% CI 0.75–0.94)). We did not find a significant association between telemedicine support and all-cause hospitalizations. We did not analyze heart failure-related mortality because of insufficient data. Conclusion: Telemedicine support is accompanied by a decrease in heart failure-related hospitalizations and a decrease in all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure.
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(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)
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Further Insights on Honey and Propolis from Gerês (Portugal) and Their Bioactivities: Unraveling the Impact of Beehive Relocation
by
Ana Sofia Freitas, Rui Oliveira and Cristina Almeida-Aguiar
Life 2024, 14(4), 506; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040506 - 15 Apr 2024
Abstract
Propolis, a bee product, is known for its variability of chemical and bioactive profiles. However, Portuguese propolis from Gerês, normally obtained by mixing propolis from three places—Bugalho, Felgueiras and Toutelo—has shown similar chemical and biological profiles over the years. Recently, a new propolis
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Propolis, a bee product, is known for its variability of chemical and bioactive profiles. However, Portuguese propolis from Gerês, normally obtained by mixing propolis from three places—Bugalho, Felgueiras and Toutelo—has shown similar chemical and biological profiles over the years. Recently, a new propolis place—Roca—was added to the apiary to replace Bugalho, lost to the 2017 wildfires, hence questioning the previously claimed constancy of Gerês propolis. To unravel to what extent the beehive relocation affected this constancy, we studied different Gerês propolis samples collected in three consecutive years (2017–2019) composed of different combinations of source places. Two honey samples, collected before (2017) and after (2018) the occurrence of the wildfire, were also investigated. Total phenolics, flavonoids and ortho-diphenols contents were determined and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were evaluated, using the DPPH assay and the agar dilution method, respectively. Although both antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were generally in the ranges usually obtained from Gerês propolis, some variations were detected for the samples, with different compositions when compared to previous years. This work reinforces the importance of the consistency of a combination of several factors for the protection and preservation of the flora near the hives, providing bee products with more constant chemical and biological profiles over the years.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products and Their Applications in Pharmaceutical, Nutritional, and Cosmetic Products: 2nd Edition)
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