Nocardia cerradoensis was first isolated in 2003 in the El Cerrado region of Brazil; since then, only 2 human infections, in France and Spain, have been reported. We describe 3 autochthonous cases in residents of Spain during 2011 and 2014. Together these cases support the idea of an emerging global pathogenic microorganism.
Keywords: COPD; Nocardia cerradoensis; Spain; autochthonous cases; bacteria; chronic obstructive lung disease; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; human pathogen; immunocompromised persons; respiratory infections; transmission.